The Turkish republics of Central Asia remained under the Soviet rule for quite a long time. The peoples of these republics were influenced by the Soviet system of education, even after they had their independence. The Soviet education endeavored to prove to the Turkish peoples that their existence under the Soviet rule was according to their own choice, it was not an occupation or an imperial war. Thus, education was used as a means of changing identity and undermining the religion, local language and national culture of these peoples. It’s planned for achieving these objectives by all means.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newly independent republics of Central Asia worked hard for constituting their newly born republics through systems of education based on their own concepts. Although the education systems in these countries had a lot in common, they were different somehow. The different circumstances in these newly born republics such as human resources, the economic condition, the political authority and the population structure were an effective factor in determining their educational systems.
The survey deals with the endeavors of the republics of Central Asia and the steps they adopted for establishing their own educational systems and getting rid of the effects of the ideology of the Soviet system of education and the educational policies of tsarist Russia before. It also handles the attempts of formulating their educational systems according to their own ideas after getting their independence. The survey also tackles the remnants of Russian effects in the educational systems after the independence of these countries pursuant to the condition of each country. The survey presents the most important statistics of the educational system of each republic. It also shows the ratios of reading and writing on each one of them. They come on top of Islamic countries as regards the ratios of those who can read and write.
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